KHUBA SOIL CONDITIONERS

SOIL : is a mixture of  organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and    organisms that together support life.  Earth's  body of soil, called the pedosphere, has four important functions are as a medium for plant growth. as a habitat for organisms, as a means of  water storage,  supply and purification as a modifier of  Earth's

atmosphere.  All of these functions, in their turn, modify the soil and its properties.

Soil is also commonly referred to as  earth or  dirt. some scientific definitions distinguish dirt from soil by restricting the former term specifically to displaced soil. The pedosphere interfaces with the lithosphere,  the hydrosphere,  the atmosphere,  and the biosphere.  

The term  pedolith, used commonly to refer to the soil, translates to  ground  stone

in the sense fundamental stone, from the ancient Greek πέδον ground, earth. Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a  porous   phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution). Accordingly, soil scientists can envisage soils as a three-state  system of solids, liquids, and gases.

Soil is a product of several factors: the influence of climate,  relief   (elevation, orientation, and slope of terrain), organisms, and the soil's parent materials (original minerals) interacting over time. It continually undergoes development by

way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering  with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness, soil ecologist,  regard soil as an  ecosystem.  

Little of the soil of planet Earth is older than the Plestocene and none is older than the Cenzoic, although fossilized soils  are preserved from as far back as the Archean. 

MAN MADE FERTILIZERS : (non-organic) are concentrated and quick acting. Khuba  soil conditioners  release nutrients slowly and usually contain many other trace elements that plants may need and which are not found in most chemical formulation.

There are several organic fertilizer benefits, some purely altruistic, others much more self-interested. First of all, most inorganic fertilizers provide only that well-known trio, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). These three, known as the macro-nutrients, are indeed required in greater quantity than any others, but they are only three of the thirteen nutrients plants need. The three chemicals that qualify as secondary nutrients, calcium, sulphur, and magnesium are generally ignored, as are the trace nutrients, boron, chlorine, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, etc. While these are needed in far smaller quantities than the macro-nutrients, they are still essential.

Its now time for  sustainable agriculture farming in sustainable ways, which means meeting society's present food and textile needs, without compromising the ability for current or future generations to meet their needs.

For decades, we have produced the bulk of our food through industrial agriculture - a system dominated by large farms growing the same crops year after year, using large amounts of chemical pesticides and fertilizers that damage soil, water, air, and climate. 

Now  everyone needs to increase their knowledge base on sustainable agriculture for healthy living, sustenance and benefit of mankind. 

SOIL FERTILITY  FOR FOOD PRODUCTION: Soil fertility refers to the ability of soil to support and sustain plant growth, including through making nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur, and other nutrients available for plant uptake. This process is facilitated by: i) nutrient storage in soil organic matter  ii) nutrient recycling from organic to plant-available mineral forms; and iii) physical and chemical processes that control nutrient sorption, availability, displacement and eventual losses to the atmosphere and water. 

DESERT FARMING:  Specially formulated  /  Tailor made  products are available for deserts,  arid and semi arid  lands, where water  percolation (Water draining) is seen,  they increase  cost of cultivation & survivability of the plants are in question.  General  practices are use of plastic sheet (Liner)  to avoid water loss / percolation,  but  it leads  to LOWER EXCHANGE  CAPACITY,  PLANT DROWING,  LEAF YELLOWING   and  STUNTED GROWTH  due to WATER LOGGING.    These complex area  are addressed  by providing  tailormade soil conditioner which acts as  WATER  LOSS  BARRIER,  which  allows easy  breathability for exchange of  oxygen & carbon dioxide    and simultaneously providing all natural organic  minerals  required for plant growth.   The detailed  application  and videos  and product  information is available here under. 

Managed soils represent a highly dynamic system, and it is this very dynamism that makes soils function and supply ecosystem services. Overall, the fertility and functioning of soils depend on interactions between the soil mineral matrix,  soil breathability of  plants and microbes. These are responsible for both building and decomposing soil organic matter and therefore for the preservation and availability of nutrients in soils. To sustain soil functions, the balanced cycling of nutrients in soils must be maintained. 

We are a in house research based, knowledge based and innovation driven  that is pioneering solutions to challenges throughout the value chain in agriculture. To achieve Sustainable  growth, for resource-efficient, greener and more vibrant farming communities. 

• Cost effective,  Safe to apply,  Nature & Human friendly.

• It includes broad and diverse formulations of products that provide plants with nutrients and/or improve organic matter in the soil. They are applied to plants and/or soils to improve soil fertility, plant vigor, produce quality and yield. Our products can be used in both organic and conventional agriculture.

• It include three specific product categories: Natural nutrients, Natural mineral and soil improvers. 

• Its main function is to provide nutrients under organic forms from natural, mineral and organic materials. 

• It reduces dependency on chemical inputs. 

• It enhance the biological activity and biodiversity of soils &  quality attributes of produce as well as yield. 

• It  facilitate slow release of nutrients in response to the needs of plants.

• It  boost efficiency of water use to render crops more resilient and drought-resistant. 

• It  enhance crop resistance to erosion by improving the soil’s organic matter content. 

• It reduces soil poisoning caused due to excessive application of pesticides, weedicide.  

• It enriches soil with bio flora & fauna, reduces soil born / fungal diseases & gives higher yield.  

• It is neutral  to  plants at time of stress in the event of excessive heat or water logging or cold seasons; whereas chemical fertilizers need controlled weather conditions for the proper intake of the nutrients, which is not possible.  

• It is  beneficial effects on Long and short term effects for plant grown including beneficial higher yield in spite of variations in the surrounding weather conditions which is beyond human control.  

• It bears  healthy plants yield high quality produce, which have extended shelf life.

 What is it: 

· Is your product a fertilizer ? No it’s a soil conditioner. 

· Why do you call it soil conditioner ? Our product enriches the soil with required natural minerals to create a conducive environment for plant growth. It boosts both nutrient efficiency and organic matter content in the soil.

· What form ?  Powder.

· Do you have different products for various crops ? No our product is balanced with required minerals and is generally suitable for all types of soil. 

· If it is mineral enriched soil, can we plant seeds directly in your product ? Yes you can plant seeds directly,  but it is not advisable as cost of cultivation goes up.

· Is it organic ? It is organic as the contents are combination of natural minerals.

· How do we test that its organic ? You can grow few plants in a pot using only our product and test the plant & yield  to confirm its authenticity. Note: do not mix any other soil which may contaminate the plant intake and also test quality of water being used for watering the  plants.

· Do we need to increase or decrease the application over a period of time ?  It will decrease on multiple application as the farm becomes more fertile and gets stabilized.

· Does you product play any additional role ? yes our product has capacity to retain water and keep the surrounding area cooler and nutrients are released in sustained manner as per the dynamic needs of the plant, thus making the plants healthy & robust. 

· What if the farm is having excess or reduced nutrients in specific area ? Farmer can provides us soil test report,  with which we can tailor make our product to meet  shortfall in soil  or for specific crops. Such requirements may kindly be  discussed with the manufacturer for manufacture and supply.

Application:

· How should I use it ? you can use it while tilling or spread it by tractors or sprinkle it with hands or you can mix it with water & spread it in farms.

· How to apply in farm ? you can use the total quantity for the entire tenure of the crop at once while preparing the land, or while seeding or after seeding.  Thus reducing labor cost.  Alternatively you can apply in parts as usual. 

· Will your product work for entire tenure of 9 months for sugar cane  or in some cases like Mango’s where the crop is on yearly basis ? Yes our product is suitable for single application preferably at the start of planting  for better results  and our product  sustains through out.

· How can you use all required material at once? Our product has been designed for slow release of nutrients in response to the dynamic needs of plants.

· What will happen if it rain heavily after total application ? if the top soil is carried away due to heavy rains, our product is lost along with it. In such fields, it is advisable to apply in parts.

· What happens if your product falls on leaf or roots directly ? Our product does not harm in any way because our product is neutral in nature. 

· What if we use excess ? It does not harm the plant, as you can grow any plant directly in our product, but cost of cultivation goes up. 

· What if we use less ? the plant will be under nourished.

· How much should we use & when ? As a generality the same quantity as you were earlier applying other products and at the same time. 

· Every land is different so how do we know what quantity to apply ? To know the real potential of your field for any particular crop, mark small area and test run using different  quantity of the product. Thus you can ascertain right quantity,  cost and its benefits.

Watering the fields:

· Chemical based fertilizers need heavy watering after application, how much water is needed for your product ? Similar quantity as that of general fertilizers. 

· What if the farmer is unable to water his farms after application ?  Our product does not harm the plant in such event.  Yet for better results it is advised to water the crops after application as early as possible. 

· What are effect of excess water in the field ? Our product does not loose its efficacy in the event of water logging, until and unless it is washed away. 

· Effects  of  water logging ? Our product does not  loose its efficacy in the event of water logging.

· What are the effect in the event of hot or cold season ? our product does not create  stress in such events.

· Can it be used in drip irrigation ? No this product cannot be used in drip irrigation. 

Combination of soil conditioner with others:

· Can we use conventional organic fertilizer with your product? Yes our studies have shown that use of organic fertilizer preferably farm waste and the like in combination with our product yield good results.

· What quantity is to be used ? As a general rule similar quantity as that of chemical based fertilizer should suffice to give similar results. Yet the farmer may try out variation by in small patches and decide upon the matter.

· What other fertilizers are required to be used with your product ? If the farmer uses required quantity of our product, then we do not need any chemicals based fertilizers.

· Can we use your product along with chemical based fertilizers ? There is no harm in using it, the farmer may try out different combinations to suit his crop and fields. 

· How can we compare ? Use our product independently to know the difference on output and cost of cultivation.

Soil improvement: 

· How do you improve soil ? Our product carries required natural nutrients which nurture the soil with organic matter that reduces dependency on chemical inputs.

· What do natural minerals do ? They restore depleted mineral content and maintain soil fertility to nurture plant growth.

· Does it enhance biological activity ? Our product enhances biological activity and biodiversity of soils, thus improve the efficiency of nutrient use to produce more robust crops where by help enhancing the quality attributes of produce as well as yield. 

· Does it improve organic matter ? our product enhances organic matter in soil. 

· Can we use your product in fields which were earlier over fertilized, overexploited  and have now become barren ? Yes even in such fields our product has shown excellent results. We  recommend a slightly higher dosage for such barren land in the initial year. 

Environmental Impact:

· What are the impact on environment ? Our products do not have any impact on the ecosystem as all the ingredients are from natural sources. 

· What happens if it leaches into surrounding environment ? it does not have any negative impact to surrounding region. 

· Does your product help in reducing earlier impact of excessive usage of pesticide, weedicide or chemical fertilizers ? Our product reduces earlier soil negative impacts and the results can be seen on multi applications over a period of time. 

Visible Results: 

· When can the results be seen in farms ? visible results can be seen after 4 weeks of application and major changes can be seen after multiple application. 

· How will the final produce be ? farmers have reported  the yield to be fully grown, consistent in size, weight,  taste better and having longer shelf life.  

Khuba Soil Conditioner  is a fine, reddish to creamish powder showing a porous inner structure which holds all necessary Micro and Macro nutrients suitable for agriculture & horticulture applications.-

Our Soil Conditioner is carefully crafted with composition listed below:

1. Calcium as Ca Minimum 10% 

2. Magnesium as Mg Minimum 2.5% 

3. Sulphur Minimum 2.5%

Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur.  All the nutrients are carefully adjusted in the soil conditioner to match the soil requirements to grow grains, pulses and oil seeds. It is also suitable for Horticulture application. All the nutrients are calibrated in a dynamic way such that there is no elemental poisoning from the nutrients.

The user is directed to test the fields before hand and decide application of our product depending upon the constituents and intended crop requirements. 

TAILOR MADE SOIL CONDITIONER can also be manufactured on request by the applicant for specific regions for specific crops. The user has to provide actual field test reports, intended crop to be grown and any other information as sought from time to time for manufacture. 

Particle size distribution 

Our Soil conditioner being fine in nature adheres to the top soil and locks all the nutrients within the soil and prevent surface run off due to heavy rains or wind. The product is of about 75 to 100 micron specifically designed for better intake by the plants. 

Usage

To be applied in dry form on top soils. It can be used either before or after sowing to obtain maximum benefits. We recommend 200 kg per acre for the first year and reduce subsequently for the corresponding crops to 150kg or 100 kg depending on the need of the farm & crop.  

What is Horticulture Oil:

· Is it a pesticide ? No it is a pest repellent. Using Natural horticulture oil’s do not kill insects they make them flee the area.

· What is pest repellent ? It keeps pest away rather then killing them, similar to odomos which is used to keep mosquitos away. 

· What does it do ? It acts as Insect, pest repellent with many other long term benefits. 

· How does prevention help ? Not all bugs are created equal & not all are bad either. There are plenty of GOOD insects that help control the BAD insects and keep your plants / farms safe & secure. Having beneficial insects promotes natural pest control and beneficial to health of plant, soil, humans & environment. 

· Any other benefits ? It acts as fungus, bacteria & nematode preventer, keeps  primates like monkeys and other animals away due to aversion to taste  and smell.

· What is made of ? Natural Horticulture Oil is a non edible emulsified containing multiple natural oil’s Azadrachtin, Citral, Linalool, Geraniol, Citronellol, Linalyl acetate, geranyl acetate, α-Pinene, Limoneneg, Terpenolene, α-terpineol, β-Ocimene, Methyl heptanone, menthol, menthone. 

What it  does? 

· Whom does it effect ? It targets leaf-sucking and chewing insects. 

· Which pests does it prevent ? It is effective to about 200 species and most common insects can be controlled are Aphids, Mites, Scale, Leaf hoppers, White flies, Caterpillars, Mealybugs, Thrips  etc.

· As fungicide ? It works on arthropod pests that often eat vegetables, including tomato hornworms, corn earworm, aphids and whiteflies. 

· What are the fungal disease your product can control ? You can use it for powdery mildew, other common fungal diseases, including Black spot, Scab, Rust, Leaf spot, Anthracnose, Tip blight and etc In addition; it also controls common fungi that grow on vegetable plants, including: Mildews, Rusts, Leaf spots, Wilts, Stem rots. 

· For bacterial Diseases ? Our Natural Horticulture oil can kill fire blight, a bacterial disease that causes the leaves of plants to wilt and appear as though they have been burned and can be a good Bactericide for plants. 

· What of Nematodes ? They live in garden soil and feed on the roots of your plants, reducing the plant’s ability to take in water and nutrients they need to survive specific stresses like drought this also can be controlled by using our product.

· Will the pests become resistant ? Since natural oils are a complex mixture of components, they work together within a plant and it is unlikely that pests will become resistant to them. 

· Will the fields become dead zones as it happens with use of pesticides? No our product does not create dead zones, on the contrary you can find increase in flora & fauna. 

· Is it toxic to humans ? Natural oils are biodegradable and do not persist in soil and water. Our natural oils are particularly useful as it possesses a wide range of desirable properties for pest management and are regarded as non-toxic to humans.

· Is it toxic to live stock birds etc ? It is biodegradable and non-toxic. It’s safe for birds, pets, fish, livestock or other area wildlife making it safe and nature friendly.

Benefits:

· What happens after its usage ? It is converted as natural fertilizer after its usage. 

· What of leaching ? It does not create resistance or residue problems in any form. 

· What of earth worm ? Yes it increases earth worm activity.

· Is it beneficial to plants ? It has a broad spectrum of activities in the total crop care segment. 

· What of ecology ? It maintains ecological balance and plant protection. 

Application to soil:

· Can it used directly on the soil ? Yes it can used directly on the soil at the time of land preparation to prevent soil  bourne disease and to helps repel rodents.

· What quantity ? recommended dosage is about 1 liter per acre with 100 liter mixed with water and sprayed.

· What if fields which already effected with soil bourne disease and rodents  that are noted in our previous crops? repeat application multiple time with a gap of 14 days. 

· Any other guide lines ?  As our product is made from all natural oils, there are no precise set of rules for application. We will have to understand the situation and consider the type of plant & type of pest or infection we are targeting. We will need stronger solution for tougher pest’s and infection. 

· Any advice ? Regular inspection & spraying with natural oil’s is helpful and effective. A dose of 1% solution is effective as a preventive spray, 2% to 3% solution can be used for tougher pests or disease. Begin with 1% solution and increase the percentage’s if needed while observing the situation diligently and increase if the pest are persistent, and reduce the application time to every week. For effective results use it immediately after mixing with water. 

Application to plants / creepers:

· Can I use your product after pest attack ? No we do not recommend it use after pest infestation.

· When to apply ? at least a week in advance to prevent pest attack as a precautionary measure, which helps a great deal in control of pests at later stages.

· General application ? to be done at Pre flowering stage / Post flowering stage / Seed or fruit development stage or as required. 

· When to repeat ? every 14 days. Using Natural horticulture oil’s do not kill insects they make them flee the area. So spraying at regular intervals is very important.

· What crops ? Our product can be used for any crop or plant, like: Cereals: Wheat, Teff, Maize, Corn Millet, Rice, Sorghum etc. Pluses: Soya bean, Cowpea, Chickpea etc. Vegetables & Cole crops: Tomato, Squash, Potato, Celery, Cabbage, Lentils, Cucumber, Spinach, Cauliflower, Lettuce, Leek. Okra, French Beans, Brussels sprouts, Carrots, Yam, Broccolis, Asparagus, Melon, etc. Fibre Crops: Cotton, Sisal, etc. Orchards & Fruit Crops : Apple, Citrus, Mango, Banana, Grapes, Pineapple, Date palm, Peaches, Dewberry, Orange, Pomegranate, Plum, Strawberry, Sugarcane, Kiwi, Passionfruit, Pear, Cherry, etc. Oils Seeds Sesame, Soya bean, Mustard, Canola, Pea nuts. Linseed, etc. Ornamental Crops: Cut flowers, Roses, Phatinia, Carnation, Petunia, Aster, Tulip, Snapdragon, etc & any plant, creeper or tree. 

· What quantity ? recommended dosage is about 1 liter per acre with 100 liter mixed with water and sprayed.

Other Guidelines:

· What is a must ? Preventive care and application, coupled with regular inspection is essential for desired results from our natural repellents.

· What if the fields are infested with pests or is diseased heavily ? Do not use our product. As our product is made from all natural oil, we will have to understand the situation and consider the type of plant & type of pest or infection we are targeting and we may  need stronger solution for tougher pest’s and infection. 

· Any advice ? Regular inspection & spraying with natural oil’s is helpful and effective. A dose of 1% solution is effective as a preventive spray, 2% to 3% solution can be used for tougher pests or disease. Begin with 1% solution and increase the percentage’s if needed while observing the situation diligently and increase if the pest are persistent, and reduce the application time to every week. For effective results use it immediately after mixing with water.

Khuba Soil Conditioner / Horticulture Oil Product Disclaimer

All information is given in the best of our knowledge and is believed to be accurate. Your conditions of use and application of the suggested products and recommendations are beyond our control. 

Khuba soil conditioners are made from various natural minerals and an average combination is derived to create conducive environment for growth of plants. 

Our Soil Conditioner is carefully crafted with composition listed below:

1. Calcium as Ca:   Minimum 10% 

2. Magnesium as Mg:   Minimum 2.5% 

3. Sulphur:   Minimum 2.5%

This information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the application for specific use for farming / agriculture. The information provided does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended. 

The user has to test take trails  at his own cost and has to ascertain the application of Khuba Soil Conditioners depending upon the actual condition of fields  & crops  where he intends to use our product. 

Khuba Soil conditioners specifically disclaims any responsibility or liability relating to the use of the suggested products and recommendations and shall under no circumstances whatsoever be liable for any special, incidental or consequential damages which may arise from such use.